February 2018 Tax & Business Alert

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TAKE A LOOK AT THE DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES DEDUCTION

The domestic production activities deduction provides a tax break for certain “domestic production activities.” Unfortunately, many businesses tend to overlook it because they believe the tax break applies only to a few industries. This article points out that the deduction remains available to a wide range of businesses for the 2017 tax year and delves into some industry-specific details. A sidebar discusses IRS guidance on the W-2 wage limitation to taxpayers with a short taxable year as it applies to the domestic production activities deduction. 2017 is the final year that the Domestic Production Activities Deduction is available to businesses.

MAKING 2017 RETIREMENT PLAN CONTRIBUTIONS IN 2018

The clock is ticking down to the tax filing deadline. The good news is that individuals may still be able to save on their impending 2017 tax bills by making contributions to certain retirement plans. This article looks at deadlines, limits and phaseout ranges for traditional and Roth IRAs, while also noting some important info about SEPs.

DO YOU KNOW THE TAX IMPACT OF YOUR COLLECTIBLES?

They say one person’s trash is another person’s treasure. This may hold true when it comes to collectibles — those various objets d’art for which many people will pay good money. This article touches on some of the important points regarding how the sale or donation of collectibles could affect one’s 2017 tax return.

WHEN AN ELDERLY PARENT MIGHT QUALIFY AS YOUR DEPENDENT

It’s not uncommon for adult children to help support their aging parents. Those in this position might qualify for an adult-dependent exemption on their 2017 tax returns. This article explores the basic qualifications and some important factors related to this tax break.

2 tax credits just for small businesses may reduce your 2017 and 2018 tax bills

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Tax credits reduce tax liability dollar-for-dollar, potentially making them more valuable than deductions, which reduce only the amount of income subject to tax. Maximizing available credits is especially important now that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act has reduced or eliminated some tax breaks for businesses. Two still-available tax credits are especially for small businesses that provide certain employee benefits.

1. Credit for paying health care coverage premiums

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) offers a credit to certain small employers that provide employees with health coverage. Despite various congressional attempts to repeal the ACA in 2017, nearly all of its provisions remain intact, including this potentially valuable tax credit.

The maximum credit is 50% of group health coverage premiums paid by the employer, if it contributes at least 50% of the total premium or of a benchmark premium. For 2017, the full credit is available for employers with 10 or fewer full-time equivalent employees (FTEs) and average annual wages of $26,200 or less per employee. Partial credits are available on a sliding scale to businesses with fewer than 25 FTEs and average annual wages of less than $52,400.

The credit can be claimed for only two years, and they must be consecutive. (Credits claimed before 2014 don’t count, however.) If you meet the eligibility requirements but have been waiting to claim the credit until a future year when you think it might provide more savings, claiming the credit for 2017 may be a good idea. Why? It’s possible the credit will go away in the future if lawmakers in Washington continue to try to repeal or replace the ACA.

At this point, most likely any ACA repeal or replacement wouldn’t go into effect until 2019 (or possibly later). So if you claim the credit for 2017, you may also be able to claim it on your 2018 return next year (provided you again meet the eligibility requirements). That way, you could take full advantage of the credit while it’s available.

2. Credit for starting a retirement plan

Small employers (generally those with 100 or fewer employees) that create a retirement plan may be eligible for a $500 credit per year for three years. The credit is limited to 50% of qualified start-up costs.

Of course, you generally can deduct contributions you make to your employees’ accounts under the plan. And your employees enjoy the benefit of tax-advantaged retirement saving.

If you didn’t create a retirement plan in 2017, you might still have time to do so. Simplified Employee Pensions (SEPs) can be set up as late as the due date of your tax return, including extensions. If you’d like to set up a different type of plan, consider doing so for 2018 so you can potentially take advantage of the retirement plan credit (and other tax benefits) when you file your 2018 return next year.

Determining eligibility

Keep in mind that additional rules and limits apply to these tax credits. We’d be happy to help you determine whether you’re eligible for these or other credits on your 2017 return and also plan for credits you might be able to claim on your 2018 return if you take appropriate actions this year.

Remind soon-to-be retirees about RMDs

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Do you have employees in their late 60s? If so, are they aware of the required minimum distribution (RMD) obligations beginning at age 70½ for their IRAs and possibly their 401(k) plans? It’s essential that they know what to expect when they reach that age so they can avoid a potentially whopping penalty. As their employer, you can stand to benefit from helping them out with a friendly reminder.

IRAs vs. 401(k)s

In most instances, IRA account holders must take RMDs on reaching age 70½. However, the first payment can be delayed until April 1 of the year following the year in which the individual turns 70½. (For inherited IRAs, RMDs are often required earlier.)

401(k) accounts are a different story. Account holders don’t have to begin taking distributions from their 401(k)s if they’re still working for the employer sponsoring the plan. Although the regulations don’t state how many hours employees need to work to postpone 401(k) RMDs, they must be doing legitimate work and receiving wages reported on a W-2 form.

There’s a notable exception, however: Workers who own at least 5% of the company must begin taking RMDs from the 401(k) starting at 70½, regardless of their work status.

If someone has multiple IRAs, it doesn’t matter which one he or she takes RMDs from so long as the total amount reflects their aggregate IRA assets. In contrast, RMDs based on 401(k) plan assets must be explicitly taken from the 401(k) plan account.

Other pertinent facts

Here are some additional RMD facts you can share with employees approaching retirement:

Calculation of RMD. The IRS determines how RMD amounts change as the account holder ages, using a formula and life expectancy tables. For example, at age 72, the IRS “distribution period” is 26.5, meaning that the IRS assumes that the individual will live another 26½ years. Thus, he or she must withdraw the percentage of the IRA or 401(k) account that is 1 divided by 26.5 (3.77%).

Beneficiary spouses. Account holders who have a beneficiary spouse at least ten years younger are subject to a different RMD formula that allows them to take out smaller amounts to preserve retirement assets for the younger spouse.

Tax penalty. The penalty for withdrawing less than the RMD amount is 50% of the portion that should have been withdrawn but wasn’t.

Form of distribution. RMDs can be in cash or be taken in stock shares whose value is the same as the RMD amount. Although this can be administratively burdensome for you as the employer, it allows your employees to defer incurring brokerage commissions on securities they don’t want to sell.

Informed employees

Remember, informed employees are happy employees. Educating your older employees about their RMD obligations can help maintain healthy morale among these employees and demonstrate to your entire workforce (and job candidates) that you care about retirement planning. Let us know how we can help with this critical effort.

Can you deduct home office expenses?

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Working from home has become commonplace. But just because you have a home office space doesn’t mean you can deduct expenses associated with it. And for 2018, even fewer taxpayers will be eligible for a home office deduction.

Changes under the TCJA

For employees, home office expenses are a miscellaneous itemized deduction. For 2017, this means you’ll enjoy a tax benefit only if these costs plus your other miscellaneous itemized expenses (such as unreimbursed work-related travel, certain professional fees, and investment expenses) exceed 2% of your adjusted gross income.

For 2018 through 2025, this means that, if you’re an employee, you won’t be able to deduct any home office expenses. Why? The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) suspends miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% floor for this period.

If, however, you’re self-employed, you can deduct eligible home office expenses against your self-employment income. Therefore, the deduction will still be available to you for 2018 through 2025.

Other eligibility requirements

If you’re an employee, your use of your home office must be for your employer’s convenience, not just your own. If you’re self-employed, generally your home office must be your principal place of business, though there are exceptions.

Whether you’re an employee or self-employed, space must be used regularly (not just occasionally) and exclusively for business purposes. If, for example, your home office is also a guest bedroom or your children do their homework there, you can’t deduct the expenses associated with that space.

Two deduction options

If you’re eligible, the home office deduction can be a valuable tax break. You have two options for the deduction:

  1. Deduct a portion of your mortgage interest, property taxes, insurance, utilities and certain other expenses, as well as the depreciation allocable to the office space. The method requires calculating, allocating and substantiating actual expenses.
  2. Take the “safe harbor” deduction. Only one straightforward calculation is necessary: $5 × the number of square feet of the office space. The maximum safe harbor deduction is $1,500 per year, based on a maximum of 300 square feet.

More rules and limits

Be aware that we’ve covered only a few of the rules and restrictions here. If you think you may be eligible for the home office deduction on your 2017 return or would like to know if there’s anything additional you need to do to qualify on your 2018 return, please contact us.